Billionaire

Randolph Lerner

Randolph Lerner #2844 in the world today Tags: Real-time net worth $1.2B #2844 in the world today Signals — Self-made score % Philanthropy score % Scores are shown only when provided by the source row. No inference is made. ...

Randolph Lerner
#2844 in the world today
Randolph Lerner
Tags:
Real-time net worth
$1.2B
#2844 in the world today
Signals
Self-made score
%
Philanthropy score
%
Scores are shown only when provided by the source row. No inference is made.

Randolph Lerner, often referred to as Randy, is a figure whose financial trajectory is deeply rooted in the legacy of his late father, Al Lerner. Unlike self-made billionaires who climbed from modest beginnings, Randy’s wealth was inherited — a fact that shapes both his public perception and his business decisions. His father, Al Lerner, began as a furniture salesman before pivoting into real estate and eventually acquiring control of Equitable Bancorp in 1981. That acquisition became the cornerstone of a financial empire that culminated in the creation of MBNA, a credit card giant sold to Bank of America for $35 billion in 2005. Randy’s role in this story is not one of founder or architect, but of steward — managing inherited assets, making strategic exits, and navigating the complexities of high-profile sports ownership.

His most visible ventures have been in professional sports. In 1999, the Lerner family brought the Cleveland Browns back to the city after a four-year absence, a move that resonated deeply with local fans and cemented the family’s civic identity. The Browns were sold in 2012 to Jimmy Haslam for approximately $1 billion. Less publicly celebrated but financially significant was his ownership of Aston Villa FC in England’s Premier League. Acquired in 2006, the club became a financial drain over the next decade, accumulating over $356 million in after-tax losses — roughly $100,000 per day — before being sold in 2016 to Chinese businessman Tony Xia for $88 million. These ventures illustrate a pattern: high-profile, emotionally resonant investments that carried substantial financial risk and ultimately yielded mixed returns.

While Randy Lerner’s name does not appear on the 400, his net worth remains substantial enough to rank him #2844 globally as of April 2025. His wealth is primarily tied to his stake in Bank of America, a direct legacy of his father’s MBNA sale. Unlike many billionaires who actively manage portfolios or launch new ventures, Lerner’s financial life has been defined by preservation, selective divestment, and the management of inherited capital. His educational background — a Bachelor’s and LLB from Columbia University — suggests a foundation in law and finance, though he has not pursued a career in either field in the public eye. His personal life, including his marriage and four children, remains largely private, consistent with the low-profile approach he has taken in business and philanthropy.

Randolph Lerner
Net worth drivers
Inherited Wealth
Bank of America Stake
Sports Ownership
Asset Liquidation
High
Private Holdings
  • Inherited Wealth: Primary driver of net worth. Al Lerner’s sale of MBNA to Bank of America in 2005 generated billions, a portion of which passed to Randy.
  • Bank of America Stake: Ongoing financial exposure to one of the world’s largest banks, providing passive income and capital appreciation potential.
  • Sports Ownership: Cleveland Browns (1999–2012) and Aston Villa FC (2006–2016) generated public visibility but mixed financial returns. The Browns sale yielded ~$1B; Aston Villa resulted in significant losses.
  • Asset Liquidation: Strategic sales of high-profile assets (Browns, Aston Villa) reflect a pattern of capital preservation over long-term operational investment.
  • Private Holdings: Wealth likely includes real estate, trusts, and other non-public assets not reflected in public rankings.
Quick facts
  • Net Worth: Not publicly disclosed in provided data; ranked #2844 globally by as of April 1, 2025.
  • Age: 63
  • Source of Wealth: Inherited from father Al Lerner; banking and credit cards via MBNA sale to Bank of America.
  • Residence: Cleveland, Ohio
  • Citizenship: United States
  • Marital Status: Married
  • Children: 4
  • Education: LLB and Bachelor of Arts/Science from Columbia University.
  • Notable Ventures: Co-owned Cleveland Browns (1999–2012); owned Aston Villa FC (2006–2016).
  • Key Financial Event: MBNA sold to Bank of America for $35 billion in 2005; Lerner family stake contributed to inherited wealth.
  • Asset Holdings: Holds stake in Bank of America Corp. (according to provided data).
  • Financial Performance: Aston Villa ownership resulted in $356M in after-tax losses over 10 years.

Snapshot

Category Detail
Age 63
Residence Cleveland, Ohio
Citizenship United States
Marital Status Married
Children 4
Education LLB, Columbia University; Bachelor of Arts/Science, Columbia University
Key Asset Stake in Bank of America
Notable Ventures Cleveland Browns (1999–2012), Aston Villa FC (2006–2016)
Financial Outcome Significant losses from Aston Villa; profitable exit from Browns

Personal stats

Age: 63
Residence: Cleveland, Ohio
Citizenship: United States
Marital Status: Married
Children: 4
Education: LLB, Columbia University; Bachelor of Arts/Science, Columbia University
Did You Know? The Lerner family’s purchase of the Cleveland Browns in 1999 was a landmark moment for the city, restoring professional football after a four-year absence. Randy Lerner’s ownership of Aston Villa FC, while financially costly, reflected a global trend of American investors entering European football — a trend that continues today with new waves of international capital.

His educational background in law and liberal arts suggests a foundation in critical thinking and financial literacy, though he has not pursued a career in either field publicly. His personal life remains largely out of the spotlight, consistent with the low-profile approach he has taken in business and philanthropy. Unlike many billionaires who leverage their wealth for public influence or media presence, Lerner has maintained a relatively private stance, focusing on asset management and selective public engagements.

His financial decisions — particularly the sale of the Browns and Aston Villa — reflect a pragmatic approach to wealth preservation. While the Browns sale was a financial success, the Aston Villa venture illustrates the risks of high-profile sports ownership, especially in competitive leagues with rising operational costs and unpredictable performance. These experiences may have shaped his current strategy: holding core assets (like Bank of America shares) while avoiding active management of complex, loss-prone ventures.

Net worth details

Randy Lerner’s net worth is derived primarily from the estate of his late father, Al Lerner, who built a multibillion-dollar fortune through banking and credit card operations. According to the provided data, Randy Lerner’s current net worth is not explicitly quantified in dollar terms, but he is ranked #2844 globally by as of April 1, 2025. This ranking implies a net worth consistent with the lower tier of billionaires, likely in the range of $1 billion to $2 billion, though no exact figure is disclosed in the source material.

His wealth is not the result of entrepreneurial activity or direct business creation, but rather inheritance and subsequent asset management. The primary source of the family’s wealth was the sale of MBNA Corporation to Bank of America in 2005 for $35 billion. Al Lerner, who died in 2002, held a significant stake in MBNA prior to the acquisition, and his estate — including Randy Lerner — benefited from the proceeds. The exact distribution of proceeds among heirs is not disclosed, but Randy Lerner’s continued association with Bank of America as a stakeholder suggests he retained a meaningful portion of the family’s financial legacy.

It is important to note that private wealth, especially inherited wealth tied to non-publicly traded assets or family trusts, is often difficult to quantify with precision. rankings are estimates based on publicly available information, asset valuations, and market conditions. Randy Lerner’s net worth may fluctuate based on the performance of his holdings, particularly in financial services and real estate, as well as any asset sales or acquisitions he has undertaken since inheriting his share of the estate.

Additionally, Lerner’s ownership of sports franchises — including the Cleveland Browns and Aston Villa — contributed to his public profile but not necessarily to his net worth. In fact, the Aston Villa ownership reportedly resulted in cumulative losses exceeding $356 million over a decade, averaging over $100,000 per day in after-tax losses. While these ventures may have provided personal satisfaction or brand value, they likely represented a financial drain rather than a source of wealth accumulation.

Unlike self-made billionaires whose net worth is tied to the performance of companies they founded or actively manage, Randy Lerner’s wealth is more passive in nature. His role has been that of a steward of inherited capital, making strategic decisions about asset allocation, divestment, and investment. This distinction is critical in understanding the nature of his fortune: it is not generated through innovation or operational excellence, but through the preservation and deployment of capital accumulated by his father.

Given the lack of detailed financial disclosures, any attempt to assign a precise dollar value to Randy Lerner’s net worth would be speculative. The ranking provides a relative measure — placing him among the world’s billionaires — but does not offer the granularity needed for a comprehensive financial assessment. Investors and analysts would need access to private financial statements, trust documents, or insider disclosures to arrive at a more accurate valuation.

In summary, Randy Lerner’s net worth is best understood as a legacy of his father’s success in the banking and credit card industries, preserved and managed through strategic asset ownership and divestment. While he has participated in high-profile ventures such as professional sports ownership, these have not been primary drivers of wealth creation. His financial position remains substantial, but its exact magnitude is not publicly disclosed in the provided data.

Wealth history

Randy Lerner’s wealth history is inextricably linked to the trajectory of his father’s career and the eventual sale of MBNA Corporation. Al Lerner, who passed away in 2002, began his professional life as a furniture salesman before transitioning into Cleveland-area real estate investment. This early phase of his career laid the groundwork for his later success by building capital and business acumen. His move into banking came in 1981, when he acquired control of Equitable Bancorp, a regional financial institution with potential for expansion.

The pivotal moment in the Lerner family’s wealth accumulation occurred when Equitable Bancorp merged with Maryland National Corporation to form MBNA, a credit card giant that would become one of the most profitable financial services companies in the United States. MBNA’s growth was fueled by the booming consumer credit market of the 1990s and early 2000s, and its business model — focused on issuing co-branded credit cards and leveraging data analytics for targeted marketing — proved highly scalable and lucrative.

Al Lerner’s leadership and strategic vision were instrumental in MBNA’s success. He served as chairman and CEO, guiding the company through a period of rapid expansion and technological innovation. By the time of his death in 2002, MBNA was a dominant player in the credit card industry, with a market capitalization that reflected its strong financial performance. The company’s eventual acquisition by Bank of America in 2005 for $35 billion represented the culmination of decades of strategic growth and positioned the Lerner family among the wealthiest in the United States.

Randy Lerner, as a beneficiary of his father’s estate, inherited a significant portion of the proceeds from the MBNA sale. While the exact amount is not disclosed, the scale of the transaction — $35 billion — suggests that the Lerner family’s share was substantial. Randy Lerner’s subsequent financial activities have been shaped by this inheritance, including his investments in sports franchises and his continued stake in Bank of America.

One of the most notable chapters in Randy Lerner’s wealth history is his ownership of the Cleveland Browns, which he and his family acquired in 1999. The purchase was part of a broader effort to bring professional football back to Cleveland after the original Browns franchise relocated to Baltimore in 1995. The Lerners’ ownership of the Browns was a high-profile venture that combined civic pride with financial investment. However, the team’s performance on the field and its financial returns were mixed. In 2012, the Lerners sold the Browns to billionaire Jimmy Haslam for approximately $1 billion, a transaction that likely provided a significant liquidity event for Randy Lerner.

Another major chapter in Lerner’s wealth history is his ownership of Aston Villa Football Club in England. He acquired the club in 2006 and held it for a decade before selling it to Chinese businessman Tony Xia in 2016 for $88 million. While the sale represented a return on investment, it was not a profitable one. Reports indicate that Aston Villa incurred cumulative after-tax losses of $356 million during Lerner’s ownership, averaging over $100,000 per day. This financial performance underscores the challenges of owning professional sports teams, particularly in competitive leagues where success on the field often requires substantial investment.

Despite these losses, Lerner’s overall wealth has remained substantial, suggesting that his core assets — likely including his stake in Bank of America and other financial holdings — have provided a stable foundation. His wealth history is characterized by a transition from inherited capital to strategic asset management, with a focus on preserving and deploying wealth rather than generating it through active business operations.

It is also worth noting that Randy Lerner’s wealth history includes periods of public scrutiny and media attention, particularly during his ownership of the Browns and Aston Villa. These ventures, while not always financially successful, contributed to his public profile and reinforced his status as a prominent figure in both American and international sports. His ability to navigate these high-profile roles while maintaining his financial position speaks to his strategic approach to wealth management.

In summary, Randy Lerner’s wealth history is a story of inheritance, strategic asset management, and high-profile investments. While his ownership of sports franchises has been a defining feature of his public persona, his financial success is rooted in the legacy of his father’s achievements in the banking and credit card industries. His wealth has been preserved and managed through careful investment decisions, with a focus on long-term stability rather than short-term gains.

Peers & related

Jimmy Haslam: Billionaire who purchased the Cleveland Browns from the Lerner family in 2012. His acquisition marked a transition from inherited ownership to a new generation of NFL billionaires.

Tony Xia: Chinese businessman who bought Aston Villa FC from Randy Lerner in 2016 for $88 million. His ownership represented a shift in global football investment, with Chinese capital entering the Premier League.

Al Lerner: Randy’s father, the architect of the family’s fortune. A self-made businessman who transformed Equitable Bancorp into MBNA, later sold to Bank of America for $35 billion.

Herbert Wertheim: Related through financial asset (Bank of America). A billionaire investor and philanthropist with significant holdings in financial services.

Alberto Palatchi: Also linked via Bank of America. A financier and investor with ties to major financial institutions.

Early life

Randy Lerner’s early life was shaped by the rising fortunes of his father, Al Lerner, who transitioned from furniture sales to real estate investment and eventually to banking. While specific details about Randy Lerner’s childhood and formative years are not provided in the source material, it is reasonable to infer that he grew up in a financially secure environment, given his father’s success in building a multibillion-dollar fortune.

His educational background suggests a strong academic foundation. Randy Lerner earned both a Bachelor of Arts/Science and an LLB (Bachelor of Laws) from Columbia University, indicating a focus on both liberal arts and legal studies. This educational path is consistent with the trajectory of many individuals who later enter the fields of finance, law, or business management — areas that would be relevant to managing inherited wealth.

There is no information in the provided data about Randy Lerner’s early career or professional activities prior to his inheritance. It is possible that he pursued legal or financial work after graduating from Columbia, but this is not confirmed. His public profile appears to have been established primarily through his ownership of sports franchises and his association with his father’s financial legacy.

Given the lack of specific details about his early life, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the influences that shaped Randy Lerner’s values, interests, or career choices. However, his educational achievements and the context of his father’s success suggest that he was exposed to business and financial concepts from an early age, which may have prepared him for his later role as a steward of inherited capital.

In summary, Randy Lerner’s early life is not extensively documented in the provided data. What is known is that he received a strong education at Columbia University and was the son of a successful businessman whose wealth would later become the foundation of Randy Lerner’s own financial position. The specifics of his childhood, early career, and personal development remain largely undisclosed.

Path to wealth

Randy Lerner’s path to wealth is fundamentally different from that of self-made billionaires. His fortune was not built through entrepreneurial ventures, innovation, or operational excellence, but rather through inheritance and the strategic management of assets acquired from his father’s estate. Al Lerner, who died in 2002, was the architect of the family’s wealth, having built a multibillion-dollar fortune through his leadership of MBNA Corporation, a credit card giant that was sold to Bank of America for $35 billion in 2005.

The foundation of Al Lerner’s success was laid in the 1970s and 1980s, when he transitioned from furniture sales to real estate investment in Cleveland. This early phase of his career provided the capital and business experience needed to make a significant move into banking. In 1981, he acquired control of Equitable Bancorp, a regional financial institution that would become the cornerstone of his financial empire. The merger of Equitable Bancorp with Maryland National Corporation to form MBNA marked the beginning of a period of rapid growth and profitability.

MBNA’s success was driven by its focus on credit card issuance, particularly co-branded cards with airlines, retailers, and other consumer brands. The company’s ability to leverage data analytics for targeted marketing and risk management gave it a competitive edge in the rapidly expanding consumer credit market. Al Lerner’s leadership and strategic vision were critical to MBNA’s growth, and by the time of his death in 2002, the company was a dominant player in the industry.

Randy Lerner, as a beneficiary of his father’s estate, inherited a significant portion of the proceeds from the MBNA sale. While the exact amount is not disclosed, the scale of the transaction — $35 billion — suggests that the Lerner family’s share was substantial. Randy Lerner’s subsequent financial activities have been shaped by this inheritance, including his investments in sports franchises and his continued stake in Bank of America.

One of the most notable chapters in Randy Lerner’s path to wealth is his ownership of the Cleveland Browns, which he and his family acquired in 1999. The purchase was part of a broader effort to bring professional football back to Cleveland after the original Browns franchise relocated to Baltimore in 1995. The Lerners’ ownership of the Browns was a high-profile venture that combined civic pride with financial investment. However, the team’s performance on the field and its financial returns were mixed. In 2012, the Lerners sold the Browns to billionaire Jimmy Haslam for approximately $1 billion, a transaction that likely provided a significant liquidity event for Randy Lerner.

Another major chapter in Lerner’s path to wealth is his ownership of Aston Villa Football Club in England. He acquired the club in 2006 and held it for a decade before selling it to Chinese businessman Tony Xia in 2016 for $88 million. While the sale represented a return on investment, it was not a profitable one. Reports indicate that Aston Villa incurred cumulative after-tax losses of $356 million during Lerner’s ownership, averaging over $100,000 per day. This financial performance underscores the challenges of owning professional sports teams, particularly in competitive leagues where success on the field often requires substantial investment.

Despite these losses, Lerner’s overall wealth has remained substantial, suggesting that his core assets — likely including his stake in Bank of America and other financial holdings — have provided a stable foundation. His path to wealth is characterized by a transition from inherited capital to strategic asset management, with a focus on preserving and deploying wealth rather than generating it through active business operations.

In summary, Randy Lerner’s path to wealth is a story of inheritance, strategic asset management, and high-profile investments. While his ownership of sports franchises has been a defining feature of his public persona, his financial success is rooted in the legacy of his father’s achievements in the banking and credit card industries. His wealth has been preserved and managed through careful investment decisions, with a focus on long-term stability rather than short-term gains.

Business empire

Randolph Lerner’s wealth is not self-made but inherited, rooted in the financial empire built by his father, Al Lerner, whose trajectory from furniture sales to credit card dominance exemplifies mid-20th century American financial entrepreneurship. The core of the Lerner fortune stems from Equitable Bancorp’s 1981 acquisition, which later merged with Maryland National to form MBNA — a credit card behemoth sold to Bank of America for $35 billion in 2005. This transaction cemented the family’s generational wealth, but also created a structural dependency on a single, now-liquidated asset. Unlike self-made billionaires who diversify through active management, Lerner’s empire is largely passive, anchored in the proceeds of that sale and subsequent investments. The absence of an operating business today means the empire’s durability hinges on asset allocation, not operational excellence or market innovation.

While Lerner’s net worth of $1.2 billion places him at #2844 globally, the concentration of his wealth in financial instruments and real estate — rather than in scalable, branded, or tech-driven enterprises — exposes him to macroeconomic volatility. The empire lacks a moat in the traditional sense; there is no proprietary technology, customer loyalty loop, or regulatory barrier protecting his assets. Instead, his position is maintained through capital preservation and strategic deployment, not competitive advantage. This makes the empire vulnerable to interest rate shifts, inflation, and systemic banking risks — especially given the historical ties to credit card lending, an industry with high regulatory scrutiny and cyclical exposure.

Leadership style

Randolph Lerner’s leadership style is best described as low-profile, stewardship-oriented, and risk-averse. Unlike his father, who was a hands-on dealmaker and builder, Lerner has operated more as a custodian of inherited capital. His tenure as owner of the Cleveland Browns (1999–2012) and Aston Villa (2006–2016) revealed a pattern: he invested in high-profile, emotionally resonant assets but ultimately exited when returns were uncertain or operational complexity increased. This suggests a leadership philosophy centered on capital preservation over long-term brand building or fan engagement.

There is little public evidence of Lerner engaging in corporate governance beyond board-level oversight. He has not launched new ventures, nor has he taken public stances on industry trends or policy. His leadership is defined by delegation and distance — a contrast to the activist, founder-led models that dominate today’s tech and consumer sectors. This style may reduce reputational risk by avoiding controversy, but it also limits influence and legacy-building potential. In an era where billionaire leaders are expected to shape narratives, Lerner’s quiet approach may be seen as disengaged — a strategic choice that prioritizes privacy over public impact.

Capital allocation

Capital allocation under Randolph Lerner has been conservative and opportunistic. The sale of the Cleveland Browns for $1 billion in 2012 and Aston Villa for $88 million in 2016 reflect a pattern of monetizing high-visibility assets when market conditions are favorable. These exits suggest a preference for liquidity over long-term ownership, especially in industries with high operational costs and regulatory burdens — such as professional sports. The proceeds from these sales likely flowed into diversified financial instruments, real estate, or private equity — though specific allocations are not publicly disclosed.

Given his background in law and finance, Lerner likely employs a risk-adjusted approach to capital deployment, favoring stable, income-generating assets over speculative ventures. This aligns with the broader trend among inherited wealth holders to prioritize capital preservation. However, this strategy also limits upside potential and may underperform in high-growth environments. The lack of public investment in startups, tech, or ESG-aligned ventures further underscores a traditionalist approach to wealth management — one that may struggle to adapt to the rapid innovation cycles of the 21st century.

Controversies & risks

Randolph Lerner has largely avoided public controversy, a testament to his low-profile approach. However, his ownership of the Cleveland Browns and Aston Villa exposed him to reputational risks inherent in professional sports: fan dissatisfaction, team performance, and governance scrutiny. The sale of the Browns to Jimmy Haslam in 2012 followed years of fan frustration over management decisions and stadium issues — though Lerner was not personally blamed, the transaction signaled a retreat from active ownership. Similarly, Aston Villa’s relegation and financial struggles during his tenure drew criticism, though he exited before the club’s most severe crises.

Regulatory exposure remains a latent risk, given the family’s historical ties to credit card lending — an industry under constant scrutiny for consumer protection, interest rate practices, and data privacy. While Lerner no longer operates in this space, his wealth is still indirectly tied to financial institutions like Bank of America, which face ongoing regulatory pressure. Geopolitical risk is minimal, as his assets are primarily U.S.-based, but global market volatility — particularly in equities and real estate — could impact his net worth. Succession planning is another unaddressed risk; with no public indication of a structured transition plan, the empire’s continuity beyond Lerner’s generation is uncertain.

Philanthropy

Philanthropy under Randolph Lerner appears to be private and understated. Unlike many billionaires who establish public foundations or make high-profile donations, Lerner has not been associated with major charitable initiatives or public giving campaigns. This does not necessarily indicate a lack of generosity, but rather a preference for discretion — a common trait among inherited wealth holders who prioritize privacy over public recognition. His father, Al Lerner, was more visible in philanthropy, particularly in Cleveland, where he supported education and healthcare institutions.

The absence of a public philanthropic profile may limit Lerner’s ability to shape legacy narratives or influence policy through charitable channels. In an era where billionaire philanthropy is increasingly scrutinized for impact and transparency, Lerner’s low-key approach may be seen as detached or unengaged. However, it also insulates him from criticism over donor intent or mismanagement — a risk that has plagued more visible philanthropists. If Lerner chooses to increase his philanthropic footprint in the future, it may be through private family foundations or targeted, high-impact grants rather than broad public campaigns.

Politics & influence

Randolph Lerner has not been publicly active in politics or policy advocacy. Unlike many billionaires who leverage their wealth to influence legislation, elections, or regulatory frameworks, Lerner’s political footprint is minimal. This aligns with his overall low-profile strategy and may reflect a deliberate choice to avoid the scrutiny and controversy that often accompany political engagement. His father, Al Lerner, was more politically active, particularly in Cleveland civic affairs, but Randolph has not followed that path.

The lack of political influence may limit Lerner’s ability to shape the regulatory environment that affects his assets — particularly in finance and real estate. However, it also reduces exposure to political risk, such as changes in tax policy or regulatory crackdowns that often target high-profile donors. In an era of increasing polarization, Lerner’s neutrality may be a strategic advantage, allowing him to operate without the baggage of partisan alignment. That said, as wealth inequality becomes a more prominent political issue, even passive billionaires may face pressure to engage — a risk Lerner may need to address in the future.

Legacy

Randolph Lerner’s legacy is still being written, but it is likely to be defined by stewardship rather than innovation. Unlike his father, who built an empire from the ground up, Lerner inherited wealth and has focused on preserving and deploying it — not expanding it. His ownership of the Cleveland Browns and Aston Villa gave him a public platform, but his exits from both suggest a reluctance to engage in long-term, high-stakes ventures. This may be seen as pragmatic, but it also limits his ability to leave a lasting mark on industries or communities.

The durability of his legacy will depend on how his wealth is managed and distributed in future generations. Without a clear succession plan or public philanthropic mission, the Lerner name may fade into obscurity — a common fate for inherited wealth that lacks a compelling narrative. However, if Lerner chooses to invest in education, civic infrastructure, or cultural institutions — particularly in Cleveland, where his father left a lasting impact — he could still shape a meaningful legacy. The challenge will be balancing privacy with purpose, a tension that many inherited wealth holders struggle to resolve.

Sources

  • profile:
  • MBNA acquisition by Bank of America: $35 billion in 2005
  • Cleveland Browns sale to Jimmy Haslam: ~$1 billion in 2012
  • Aston Villa sale to Tony Xia: $88 million in 2016

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